leading science and technology: their relationship to Lawther intellectual thoughts of man since time immemorial, in the development of science and technology. The principles of science and technology have developed in response to various objects of interest. Science and technology have had to live a great influence on our way. The law sought to regulate the use and abuse of science and the extent of its application. The big question is whether we are equipped with the law regulating the use of these technologies. The question of law, science and technology is of great importance if, today, the courts geworden””Aktivisten and has made enormous progress in science and technology. The need to refine the techniques of the probative value of the dishes are used with the help of science and technology can not be denied. At the same time we must be aware of restrictions. The limits of science and justice and the need for both hands in order to be considered at the Court by the legitimate scientific data systems join strengthened. MEANING AND DEFINITION OF SCIENCES v The word “science” comes from the Latin word scientia, which means “knowledge” or “knowledge”. According to Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary, the definition of science is “knowledge acquired through study or practice” or “knowledge of universal truths of the operation of general laws, esp. As obtained and tested by [scientific method] concerned with the physical world. “In other words, relates to science, a system of acquiring knowledge. This system uses observation and experimentation to describe and explain natural phenomena. The term also refers to the science organized body of knowledge that people have won with this system. Less formally, the word science often describes a field of systematic research or knowledge gained by it. Is this the general description might be that the purpose of science to produce useful models of reality. Most scientific investigations use some form of scientific method. Science is sometimes above the pure science to science are subject to applied, which is to differentiate the application of research needs Human defined. science are often along two main lines:-Science, the study of the natural world to classify and social sciences, the systematic study of human behavior and society. v technical word “technology” comes from the Greek word Technologia, which means that the systematic treatment of this form of art or skill or how to approach a task primarily by technical processes, methods or information relates. In other words, technology end to the application of science, particularly for commercial and industrial properties. v forced LAW A rule of conduct and through the authority, legislation, or custom of a particular municipality, the state or nation. In essence, the law of tangible and intangible link that connects individuals to the community. It also defines the responsibilities of the individual to society as it defines and protects individual rights. In Briefly, it is a pillar of good governance. interaction between science and technology company today is the law requiring two professions (law and) interact in a variety of cases. patent litigation , product liability, tort, environmental, regulatory and criminal proceedings are certain areas of this interaction. In addition, law and science meet in the laboratory by a series of measures to protect property intellectual, research misconduct, etc. The facts agenda of the two disciplines have begun to overlap one another, if not merge. There is a general lack of understanding of each culture, these interactions often cognitive friction, causing the annoying and expensive society. Scientists are suspicious of lawyers and litigation and prefer not to venture into the courtroom. The Community believes that its scientific methods and procedures of the legal analysis and investigations are often frustrated lawyers. Jurists and scientists rarely speak the same language. Everyone should be a better understanding of the principles and methods of the other in the profession. bridging the gap between the two cultures is a challenge of this conference addresses. Science and Technology to seek knowledge through an open search for understanding broader truths which are subject to revision. Act also open a search led to a better understanding, but there are certain findings of fact at some point of time necessary. The combination of these two disciplines in the courtroom, differences between the two cultures. The extent to search the truth does not serve the same purpose and not under the same constraints and requirements. The courts today complex cases related to sophisticated crime, where criminals are concerned to erase all evidence of their involvement. In this case, updated, published and sophisticated scientific methods are needed to monitor the involvement of criminals. A report in The New York Times (August 7, 2008) explained that a new analysis technique, a fingerprint can be much more than the identity of a person to detect. It can also detect what the person has been affected: Drug , explosive or toxic, for example. These laboratory equipment, but a wider application in crime investigations. The chemical signature could also help detect crime investigator of a fingerprint from the stains of many overlapping prints if the person had a some were exposed to chemical agents. Then, there are serious cases of medical negligence and related crimes, if trying to rival parties based on expert opinion. In the field of environmental pollution by toxic substances, there are serious difficulties to find the levels of risk, extent of actual damages and latent in man and the environment, and there are uncertainties in the adoption of technology to meet the standards environmental polluter installed. In some cases, where the forgery handwriting civil or questions of paternity made extensive use of scientific techniques. The courts are dependent and in fact are not forced to be examined by experts each side to analyze. It is still difficult to assess the contradictory statements of experts by the disputing parties in an adversarial judicial proceeding conducted. But you can not fool the experts by the parties are often biased. In this case The technique of “hot tubbing” to be accepted. The Australians discovered the technique of “hot tubbing upgrade” expert opinion. In this procedure, also called concurrent evidence, the parties still choose experts, but all show the discussion of the trial is the case, asking each other questions, responding to questions from the judge and lawyers, a common ground and sharpening the issues. According to UCLA law professor Jennifer Mnookin “Hot tubbing is much more interesting than neutral experts.” developments to date and the recent trend in this age of genomics, crime prevention, and believes that the following issues deserve particular attention: the legal profession is ready for this new information? As these techniques could benefit from the delivery system of justice? Our company is prepared for the consequences of genomics to put all facets of our lives? Our society is grappling with the ethical and social the new biology, such as discarded human cloning, the use of animals in biomedical research, etc.? With the rapid progress of science, is a law in their present form really able to deliver justice effectively or questioning the form of new laws or amendments to existing laws needed? may be brought before any major changes, all parties must sit at a table and find the answers to these unresolved problems. This contact , which was lacking in India, became reality when the first conference of its kind found. The conference, chaired by former Indian President Abdul Kalam became the basis der”Hyderabad statement on impact of the new biology on the delivery of justice”System. These discussions of the law have been the cooperation of the Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD) and NALSAR University law organized. Deliberations took the judges of the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court, representatives of various committees such as the Law Commission and Human Rights Commission, directors of national schools of law and other legal luminaries, lawyers, science journalists, doctors, bio-industry, police investigators of NGO ‘, and some participants from abroad. Among other things, the meeting highlighted the following steps: To view the Human Genetics Commission on the advice technical and strategic information on current and emerging issues in human genetics to provide and grew up a consultation mechanism for the development of genetic oh national policies and guidelines in this area, to determine if an ethics committee set up the ethical, legal and social implications of human genome research and the use of DNA databases, in order to legally define the status of the human embryo, so that research on embryonic stem cells under the legislation and controls to develop a mechanism to provide the compounds of the International Association for the settlement of disputes new problems in the new biology; change patent law to a proper balance between public interests and private in the case of patents, which makes claims of ownership of genetic material is located. impact of science on science research is convincing and commanding a weapon in the arsenal of judicial administration. a science Forensic Science under law. In particular, she works as the sector producing mainly in criminal investigations and results, which can lead to arrests and convictions. Without doubt the scientific evidence of search for victims and against the accused . forensics helps to provide the identity of the offender or the accused who voluntarily or involuntarily, in most cases, the mark of his crime, which makes the job much easier for investigators to prove the debt using forensic science. Forensic Science study provides scientific investigation of crimes. The growth, development and use of forensic science in crime in developed countries are enormous and growing with new techniques . The field of forensic medicine in India was not correct in what looked like it should be and have even more if the average acquittal rate is extremely high. Therefore, in our country, even the need and importance of forensic science requires little importance. The lack of understanding and appreciation of the importance of specialists rule of non-specialists in all fields, can not be denied. The field Forensic science is no exception. Many times, neither the judge nor counsel nor fully appreciate the police in advance or extended capabilities and promise of science and a mix of new technologies, methods, procedures and research. multitasking and multi-professional nature of forensic science requires an intersectoral approach, sometimes lack. real reason, and serious efforts are needed to eliminate personal prejudices and professional staff members and professionals. Forensic Science in investigations and criminal proceedings in respect of materials, and indirectly through the materials, with the people, places and time. It covers all branches of science and apply them to purposes of the Act. The scientific review by the boundaries of forensic science to a lack of connection or strengthen a weak chain of the investigation. The systematic use of forensic science to provide substantial assistance to answer the following questions: (i) What was Crime committed? (ii) Where the crime committed? (iii) the crimes committed by? law enforcement agencies to provide forensic experts to solve mysterious cases of human life and, therefore, offer help and useful contribution to criminal justice in the journey to the search for truth in criminal trials. Forensic science deals with various aspects, including routine inspections, monitoring post-mortem more or less sophisticated, such as DNA analysis. Unfortunately, the techniques and methods with the necessary materials are widely used in Western countries, seen fails to India due to a variety of reasons, the great danger that the investment funds Attorney is enormous. This science is also sometimes useful for finding the truth in some of the decisions in civil matters. The public, especially the recommendations pathologist as expert witnesses. The practice of the defense to medical examiner or court direction on its own set of experts not very popular. In fact, there is an acute need for the gap, which is the communication bridge between the current lawyers, judges and forensic scientists. A independent analysis and scientific evaluation “data and any subsequent statement that can be followed in turn depends on the Richtern”Vertrautheit and understanding of the principles of forensic science. In Western countries, DNA testing is widely used and visible. In a country like ours, the need for such a test and profile can not be overemphasized. In many developed countries, DNA testing, the techniques of genetic screening and “racmization” – tests based on the systematic examination of the teeth and bite marks should be very useful. “Racmization” technique is currently used in Japan and Germany. It has the potential of the traditional method took account of the eruption, replacement and / or merger and descending order of teeth. Merging technical knowledge of forensic science and newly developed will probably not only the right perspective and dimension, but also for the detection of more crimes, and a great help in the search for truth. It is useful in preventing and fighting against crime and to provide necessary assistance to parties in civil disputes, as well. impact of science on the delivery system of justice is to Notice that the common system, the Indian judicial system is slow. But the big question is, is the main problem with the delivery system in the Indian courts? The central question is, is it administers justice to all in the most case? When a machine is faulty and makes bad products, then if you accelerate the engine, there will be more to deliver bad products. If we are so quick miscarriages of justice system administration, it will just mix to more injustice. that the purpose of the delivery system of justice? In the words of the Court Shayamal Kumar Sen, “The investigation process must be accelerated, because otherwise the criminal justice system suffer.” Justice Sen has urged that research and development in a way that the crime to ensure the base would immediately recognized and is an effective management system be put in place must be established. In MP Singh, Vice Chancellor, Bengal Western National University of the science of law, new techniques introduced, as in crime to help detect and infrastructure should be a way that not only give impetus to extradition effective penal system, but also to accelerate the process throughout the investigation. impact of science on the ground and not on new scientific processes in the Indian courts. In late 1989, was a low-end computers to the Supreme Court India opposition in proper installation. Immediately after, in 1990, Justice GC Bharuka launched as a judge of the Patna High Court of the computerization process of the Court. On his transfer in Karnataka in 1994, he undertook ICT (information and Tecnologies Communucation) throughout the present legal state of Karnataka. Currently, all courts up to taluka level are computerized. are all officials and employees trained public justice. There is complete automation of the deposit subsidy a case a certified copy. produce the study between the number of prisoners made possible through video conferencing is. causelists website is through the Supreme Court of India, the High Court, district courts and different courses available online, the previous day. SCIENCE AND THE LAW gray v short space law, space law, part of international law in the context of the universe. It follows the standard practice in the definition space, the region beyond 100 km from the earth’s surface. now with the progress of science and technology, which was once considered impossible is possible and even more fashionable. No one, some six go back decades, would have believed the other, let alone to marry in space. Thank you so much for science, it became a reality. For $ 2. 3 million, a person can bind 62 miles to go right to cement. Japanese firm First Advantage, with the former X-Prize contender Rocketplane Global joined forces to offer weddings in space. According to an article published in Science Direct, Rocketplane Global is the development of private space plane XP suborbital space flights. The four-seater spacecraft is scheduled to be built around the size of a fighter plane and the construction of two engines and a rocket engine to achieve space. “In addition to $ 2 shots. 3,000,000, one person at four days’ worth of training for the one-hour ceremony. Training includes safety procedures, laborers in weightlessness and to explain his family, why they were not invited. Not only that, Sapporo Breweries, based in the Japanese beer machine in 1876, brewing beer from barley seeds originated from the past five months aboard the International Space Station (ISS). According to a CNN article “The project is part of biological studies of the adaptability of plants to changing environmental conditions and effects of stress such as space travel.” If it succeeds, is the study enter the world one step closer to crops in space. Also, fortunately, at present, can say scientists, the difference between the ISS and local grain barley. To flourish, however, for the commercial space, it needs a legal environment more attractive. Unfortunately, the existing space law consists mainly of several intergovernmental agreements that are totally unfit for society. Space is just another place where people will live. Moreover, because space is almost unlimited people live in large numbers in the future. In other words, it will become an entirely new habitat. Today, most activities in space, because those government access and space is so expensive. Travel cheaply enough once in orbit, as on Earth, individuals, private companies and organizations in most activities in space. At that time, space activities involves almost all sectors, whether for food, beverage, fashion and entertainment, and law. An attractive legal framework is needed to supplement the operating companies to improve passenger services and controls for the vehicles they need to plan, and for manufacturers of vehicles and the design details of investment, they need to bring the vehicles in operation. ‘S sovereignty over the area another issue that must be resolved. cyber laws and legal issues with the advent of the Internet a whole new category of crimes, including fraud, violations of copyright theft of services and information, destruction of data on computer sabotage (viruses) and actions caused problems for organizations with sensitive, confidential or secret functions emerged. has a chance to use the Internet as a forum for the publication of offensive material are different and it has a greater need for a clear, coherent expression of the law in this area. Hacking time theft (stealing someone else “Internet time), pornography, threatening Send e-mail, defamatory e-mail, e-mail hacking mail, e-mail bombs, etc., are committed main areas of cyber-crime. People, cyber crimes are usually those who have white collar jobs, as opposed to common criminals. You can even high school children are cybercrime. The area extends from a cybercrime may be facing immense. It can go across the continents, the principles which govern the exercise of criminal jurisdiction based on the assumption that “crime” is a territorial phenomenon. makes these principles are problematic in different ways and to varying degrees. Unlike the real crime, it is not physically justified, tends not to ever occur in a single sovereign territory. The author of a cybercrime may physically be in Country A, while his victim in country B, or its victims are in Countries B, C and D, and so on. The offender may complicate matters by routing his attack on the victim in country B by computers in countries F and G. The result of these and other cybercrime scenarios is that cyber-crime is not committed “in” the territory of a sovereign state, but “bits” of cybercrime occur in territory claimed by various rulers. Cyber-crime is an example for the primary border crime, and thus raises the question of jurisdiction. It’s a difficult question. Internet activities that are legal in the state where they can be taken are illegal in other states, although the act was not particularly on target State. legal conflicts abound, both negative (no country of jurisdiction) and positive (several states claim jurisdiction at the same time). Above all, it is not exactly what the court: It is the scene of action, the country of residence of the author, the location of the effect or the nationality of the owner of the computer that is attacked? Or all at once? It turns out that countries of very different thoughts on this subject. The Cyber-crime statutes of many countries show different and conflicting jurisdiction clauses. Internet enables transactions between people of different countries, an international agreement (Convention crystallize into a single, above) is required for each plan. But suppose that the introduction of a uniform law, rules of different jurisdictions around the world and the point means the balance of them must bear in mind. competence is very debatable question of maintainability of a color that has been submitted. Today, with the weapons increasingly blur the boundaries of cyberspace land seems the notion of territorial jurisdiction, as expected after S. 16 of the CPC, and p. 2 of the IPC should give way to alternative methods of conflict resolution. In addressing the issues that were problems of cyber-crime, Mr. Corell noted that the scope of international cooperation through international agreements and is limited by the national law of the requested State from which information. There are also different priorities between developed and developing countries. These differences complicate international cooperation for development and the gap between the two groups. There is no authority, to the full development of the principle of universal jurisdiction on cyber crime, “he said. There are different views on crimes, crimes of international law universal jurisdiction are present. There are also different opinions regarding the importance of the obligation to extradite or prosecute, as they are contained in different treaties as evidence of universal jurisdiction. if states are not only permitted, but also necessary to exercise its jurisdiction over crimes under international law, also subject to different opinions. CONCLUSION The magnetism of science has always been the charm members legal profession. People look to science to save the experience of insecurity and discomfort of difficult decisions in legal matters, and are constantly disappointed. The notion of what science is and what it would take to get more scientists on the right time varies. they does not change what is our final return to the good. We are still in the belief that some new science attracted an answer to the dilemmas laws, and we are constantly disappointed. In the words of the principal lawyer KTS Tulsi – “There is no doubt that [] is the science by the law from the storm. Nobody will be able to avoid it. It’s like standing on the shore and asked the waves of the sea not to come. What is needed ,] a real debate on the real value of science [and if it fits into the picture and could use what it will be done by the investigators. “REFERENCES Books and Articles V A convergence of science and law. A summary report on the first meeting of the Science, Technology and the Law Group: National Research Council. Science and the Law Blog: August 8, 2008 Footprints. Fingerabdrücke”Chemical? Science and the Law Blog: August 11, 2008. “Hot tubbing”: old wine in new bottles for expert witnesses. The New York Times: August 7, 2008, Kenneth Chang. law, scientific and technical cooperation: justice Jugannadha Rao Chairman Law Commission of India. Kolkata Newsline, Thursday, February 1, 2007. A profile of forensic science in Travel Law: Justice Jitendra N. Bhatt have. space law should be changed? S Bhatt marriages space. I do. really. Carol Pinchefsky July 7, 2008. Tara Blake Garfinkel, jurisdiction over crimes Communication: Can you be sucked into the court system to another country for a defamatory statement on the Internet: A comparison of English and the law of the United States, 9 Transnat’l Act 489, 492 p. Bryan Werley, Aussie Rules: Universal Jurisdiction over Internet Defamation, 18 Temp Int’l & Comp. LJ 199, 219, paragraph 16 of the first UK law Commission report on defamation and the Internet CITES (visited August 7, 2004 1996 U.S. LEXIS 8435, City Dist (SDNY June 19 January 1996) with R . Mattan: The Law on the computer and the Internet, p. 2 (New Delhi: Butterworths, 2000). In this case the defendant an Italian, was an Italian server, set up a website, sold under the name ” playm. “The court had already issued a permanent injunction against the defendants to use the name in every magazine, published or distributed in the United States. The court admitted that it will not close the site because it would mean warned that any court in the world all information providers on the Internet in the age of information, the time for Cyber-Cops. Uma Karve 5.
